The InnerEarLab explores sensory processing in the inner ear during normal and impaired function. A common focus of the groups in the InnerEarLab is on sensory encoding in the inner ear by specialized synapses the hair cell ribbon synapses. We combine various techniques for studying the molecular anatomy and physiology of these synapses. The group of Carolin Wichmann studies the molecular ultrastructure of synapses using light and electron microscopy. The group of Tobias Moser uses patch-clamp, optical methods, and biophysical modeling to study structure and function of hair cell ribbon synapses and the endbulb of Held synapse in the cochlear nucleus. The group of Tina Pangršič Vilfan studies the molecular and cellular basis of noise-induced hearing loss as well as vestibular neurotransmission. The group of Nicola Strenzke studies auditory systems physiology at the single neuron and population levels. The group of Christian Vogl explores the development of inner hair cell ribbon synapses. The Beutner group studies middle ear mechanics using contact-free measurements by laser-doppler vibrometer. Thomas Effertz with his group studies the molecular function of mechano-electrical transduction. The Moser and Strenzke groups also work on establishing optogenetic stimulation of the auditory nerve as a tool for auditory research and improved hearing restoration by cochlear implants, which is also a focus of the work of the Wrobel group, who additionally work on the recovery of the damaged auditory nerve. The Beutner, Moser, and Strenzke groups also perform clinical research.